Prague, the enchanting capital of the Czech Republic, is a city that captivates visitors with its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant culture. From medieval castles to modern marvels, this Central European gem offers a diverse array of attractions that cater to every traveller’s interests. Whether you’re a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply seeking to immerse yourself in the charm of a European city, Prague has something extraordinary to offer.
Prague castle complex: architectural marvels and historical significance
Dominating the city’s skyline, the Prague Castle complex is a testament to over a thousand years of Czech history. This sprawling fortress, recognized by Guinness World Records as the largest ancient castle complex globally, encompasses an area of almost 70,000 square metres. As you approach the castle, you’ll be struck by its imposing presence and the intricate blend of architectural styles that reflect centuries of renovations and additions.
St. vitus cathedral: gothic splendour and royal tombs
At the heart of the castle complex stands the awe-inspiring St. Vitus Cathedral. This Gothic masterpiece, with its soaring spires and intricate stone carvings, is a prime example of medieval craftsmanship. Inside, you’ll find a treasure trove of artistic and historical significance, including the tomb of St. Wenceslas, the patron saint of Bohemia, and the Crown Jewels chamber. The cathedral’s stained glass windows, particularly the Art Nouveau masterpiece by Alfons Mucha, are simply breathtaking.
Golden lane: 16th century alchemists’ workshops and kafka’s legacy
Tucked away within the castle walls, Golden Lane offers a glimpse into the lives of castle residents from centuries past. This charming street, lined with colourful houses, once housed the castle guards, goldsmiths, and according to legend, alchemists seeking to turn base metals into gold. Literature enthusiasts will be intrigued to learn that Franz Kafka, the renowned Czech author, lived and worked in house number 22 for a brief period.
Old royal palace: vladislav hall and medieval czech governance
The Old Royal Palace, with its magnificent Vladislav Hall, stands as a monument to Czech governance and royal ceremonies. This vast hall, with its stunning vaulted ceiling, was once the site of coronations, banquets, and even jousting tournaments. Today, it continues to play a role in Czech political life, hosting presidential elections and important state functions.
Lobkowicz palace: aristocratic art collection and dvorak manuscripts
For a deeper dive into Czech aristocratic history and culture, visit the Lobkowicz Palace. This privately owned section of the castle houses an impressive collection of art, including works by Canaletto, Bruegel, and Velázquez. Music lovers will appreciate the display of original manuscripts by composers like Mozart and Beethoven, as well as a significant collection of works by Czech composer Antonín Dvořák.
Charles bridge: medieval engineering and baroque statuary
No visit to Prague is complete without a stroll across the iconic Charles Bridge. This 14th-century stone arch bridge, spanning the Vltava River, connects the Old Town with the Lesser Town and Prague Castle. As you walk its cobblestone path, you’ll be surrounded by 30 Baroque statues, each with its own story and significance to Czech history and culture.
Bridge tower symbolism: gothic architecture and bohemian crown jewels
The bridge is flanked by gothic towers at each end, with the Old Town bridge tower being particularly noteworthy. Its intricate stonework and symbolism reflect the political aspirations of Emperor Charles IV, who commissioned the bridge. Look closely, and you’ll see representations of the Bohemian Crown Jewels and allegorical figures symbolizing the importance of Prague in the Holy Roman Empire.
30 baroque statues: saints, martyrs, and czech patrons
The array of statues lining the bridge creates an open-air gallery of Baroque sculpture. Each statue tells a story, from depictions of Czech patron saints like St. Wenceslas and St. Adalbert to more universal Christian figures like Christ on the Cross. These sculptures, added between the 17th and 19th centuries, create a spiritual atmosphere and offer insight into the religious and cultural values of the time.
John of nepomuk statue: legends and local traditions
One of the most famous statues on the bridge is that of St. John of Nepomuk. According to legend, touching the plaque beneath the statue brings good luck and ensures a return to Prague. You’ll often see tourists queuing to place their hands on the worn bronze plaque, a testament to the enduring power of local traditions in this modern city.
Old town square: heart of medieval prague
The Old Town Square, or Staroměstské náměstí, has been the bustling centre of Prague for over a millennium. This expansive plaza, surrounded by colourful baroque buildings and Gothic churches, offers a vivid snapshot of Prague’s architectural evolution. As you stand in the square, you’re literally at the crossroads of Czech history, with each building and monument telling a part of the nation’s story.
Astronomical clock: 15th century timekeeping and astronomical functions
The Prague Astronomical Clock, or Orloj, is undoubtedly the square’s most famous attraction. This medieval marvel, dating back to 1410, is not just a clock but an intricate astronomical instrument. Every hour, crowds gather to watch the Walk of the Apostles , a mechanical show featuring moving figurines. The clock face itself is a complex work of art and science, displaying the positions of the sun, moon, and zodiacal constellations.
The Astronomical Clock is a testament to medieval ingenuity, combining art, astronomy, and engineering in a way that continues to captivate visitors more than 600 years after its creation.
Church of our lady before týn: gothic spires and hussite history
The twin spires of the Church of Our Lady before Týn dominate the eastern side of the square. This Gothic church, with its dramatic façade, played a significant role during the Hussite wars of the 15th century. Inside, you’ll find a mix of Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque elements, including the tomb of the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe, who served as Imperial Mathematician at the court of Rudolf II.
Jan hus memorial: reformation leader and czech national identity
At the centre of the square stands the imposing Jan Hus Memorial. This bronze statue commemorates the 15th-century religious reformer who was burned at the stake for heresy. Hus’s teachings and martyrdom had a profound impact on Czech national identity and the Protestant Reformation. The memorial, unveiled in 1915 on the 500th anniversary of Hus’s death, serves as a powerful symbol of Czech independence and religious freedom.
Jewish quarter (josefov): preserved synagogues and cultural heritage
The Jewish Quarter, known as Josefov, is a poignant reminder of Prague’s Jewish heritage and the community’s tumultuous history. This small area, nestled between the Old Town Square and the Vltava River, contains some of the best-preserved Jewish historical monuments in Europe. A visit to Josefov offers insight into the rich cultural contributions of Prague’s Jewish community and serves as a sobering memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.
Old jewish cemetery: layered burials and rabbi loew’s tomb
The Old Jewish Cemetery is one of the most remarkable features of Josefov. In use from the early 15th century until 1787, this small plot of land contains an estimated 100,000 graves, layered up to 12 deep due to space constraints. The tilted, weathered tombstones, some adorned with symbols indicating the deceased’s profession or lineage, create a haunting yet beautiful landscape. Among the notable graves is that of Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel, associated with the legend of the Golem.
Spanish synagogue: moorish revival architecture and jewish museum
The Spanish Synagogue, built in 1868, stands out for its stunning Moorish Revival architecture. Its interior, with intricate gilded and polychromatic designs, is often compared to the Alhambra in Granada. Today, it forms part of the Jewish Museum in Prague, housing exhibits on the history of Jews in Bohemia and Moravia from emancipation to the modern era.
Pinkas synagogue: holocaust memorial and children’s drawings
The Pinkas Synagogue serves as a moving memorial to the Czech and Moravian Jews who perished in the Holocaust. Its walls are inscribed with nearly 80,000 names of victims, a stark and personal reminder of the scale of the tragedy. The synagogue also houses an exhibition of drawings made by children in the Terezín concentration camp, offering a poignant glimpse into their experiences and hopes.
Petrin hill: panoramic views and recreational spaces
Rising above the left bank of the Vltava River, Petrin Hill offers a welcome respite from the bustling city streets. This verdant oasis, easily accessible by funicular or on foot, provides panoramic views of Prague and houses several attractions that make it a perfect destination for a leisurely afternoon.
Petrin tower: mini eiffel and prague observation point
The Petrin Tower, resembling a miniature version of the Eiffel Tower, stands 63.5 metres tall and offers unparalleled views of Prague. Built in 1891 for the Prague Exhibition, the tower has become one of the city’s most recognizable landmarks. Visitors can climb the 299 steps to the top or take the elevator for a breathtaking 360-degree view of the city and surrounding countryside.
Mirror maze: 19th century fun fair attraction
Near the Petrin Tower, you’ll find the Mirror Maze, a charming remnant of the 1891 Prague Exhibition. This fun house-style attraction features a labyrinth of mirrors and a diorama depicting the defence of Prague against the Swedes in 1648. It’s a light-hearted and enjoyable experience that appeals to visitors of all ages.
Stefanik observatory: astronomical research and public stargazing
For those interested in astronomy, the Stefanik Observatory offers a chance to gaze at the stars through powerful telescopes. Founded in 1928, the observatory combines scientific research with public education. Regular evening observations allow visitors to view celestial bodies, while exhibitions explain the basics of astronomy and the history of space exploration.
Vltava river experiences: cruises and riverside attractions
The Vltava River, winding through the heart of Prague, offers a unique perspective on the city’s beauty and history. Whether you choose to admire it from its banks or explore it by boat, the river provides a serene counterpoint to the bustling streets above.
Naplavka riverbank: farmers’ markets and cultural events
The Naplavka riverbank, stretching along the Vltava’s right bank, has become one of Prague’s most popular gathering spots. On weekends, it hosts bustling farmers’ markets where you can sample local produce and artisanal foods. Throughout the year, the area comes alive with cultural events, open-air concerts, and pop-up bars, making it a favourite hangout for locals and tourists alike.
Dancing house: deconstructivist architecture by frank gehry
Standing in stark contrast to Prague’s historic architecture is the Dancing House, a modern masterpiece designed by Frank Gehry in collaboration with Croatian-Czech architect Vlado Milunić. Completed in 1996, this deconstructivist building, with its curved lines resembling a pair of dancers, has become an iconic part of Prague’s riverside skyline. The top floor houses a restaurant offering panoramic views of the city and the Vltava.
Vysehrad fortress: ancient citadel and slavin cemetery
Perched on a hill overlooking the Vltava, the Vysehrad fortress offers a blend of history, mythology, and scenic beauty. Legend has it that this was the original site of Prague Castle and the seat of the first Czech kings. Today, visitors can explore the fortress walls, enjoy panoramic views of Prague, and visit the Slavin Cemetery, the final resting place of many notable Czech figures including composers Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana.
Prague’s rich tapestry of history, culture, and architectural beauty offers an endless array of experiences for visitors. From the grandeur of Prague Castle to the serene charm of Petrin Hill, each attraction contributes to the city’s unique character. As you explore these top sights, you’ll discover why Prague continues to enchant travellers from around the world, inviting them to uncover its secrets and immerse themselves in its timeless allure.